Michelangel\u016fv \u201eDavid\u201c, vytvo\u0159en\u00fd mezi lety 1501 a 1504, je jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u00fddobytk\u016f sv\u011btov\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. Tento 5,17 metru vysok\u00fd mlad\u00edk, vytesan\u00fd z jedin\u00e9ho bloku mramoru, se stal symbolem Florencie, renesance a samotn\u00e9 my\u0161lenky lidsk\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu. Dnes je origin\u00e1l um\u00edst\u011bn v Galerii dell’Accademia ve Florencii a kopie zdob\u00ed n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed m\u011bsta.
\nZaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee mramorov\u00fd blok, ze kter\u00e9ho byl \u201eDavid\u201c vytvo\u0159en, byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za vadn\u00fd: p\u0159ed Michelangelem na n\u011bm pracovali dva dal\u0161\u00ed socha\u0159i, ale od projektu upustili. Michelangelo, tehdy pouh\u00fdch 26 let, vid\u011bl v tomto \u201enevhodn\u00e9m\u201c kameni p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost odhalit skrytou formu \u2013 filozofii charakteristickou pro plat\u00f3nsk\u00fd pohled na um\u011bn\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od tradi\u010dn\u00edch zobrazen\u00ed Davida jako v\u00edt\u011bze (nap\u0159\u00edklad od Donatella nebo Verrocchia) Michelangelo zachytil okam\u017eik p\u0159ed bitvou. Mlad\u00edk stoj\u00ed v napjat\u00e9 pozici, pohled up\u0159en\u00fd, pravou ruku sev\u0159enou v p\u011bst, levou dr\u017e\u00edc\u00ed prak. Nen\u00ed to triumf, ale nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159ed rozhodn\u00fdm \u010dinem \u2013 hymna na vnit\u0159n\u00ed s\u00edlu.
\nAnatomie \u201eDavida\u201c je n\u00e1padn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e1: Michelangelo studoval mrtvoly v anatomick\u00fdch s\u00e1lech, aby pochopil strukturu sval\u016f, \u0161lach a kost\u00ed. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 jsou \u017e\u00edly v pa\u017e\u00edch, napjat\u00fd krk a realistick\u00e9 tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bla. Proporce jsou v\u0161ak m\u00edrn\u011b zkreslen\u00e9 \u2013 hlava a prav\u00e1 pa\u017ee jsou zveli\u010den\u00e9, aby kompenzovaly perspektivu p\u0159i pohledu zespodu.<\/p>\n
\nP\u016fvodn\u011b se pl\u00e1novalo, \u017ee socha bude instalov\u00e1na na st\u0159e\u0161e florentsk\u00e9 katedr\u00e1ly, ale kv\u016fli jej\u00ed hmotnosti (p\u0159es 5 tun) a um\u011bleck\u00e9 hodnot\u011b bylo rozhodnuto um\u00edstit ji ke vchodu do Palazzo Vecchio \u2013 jako symbol ob\u010dansk\u00e9 ctnosti a obrany republiky p\u0159ed tyrani\u00ed. \u201eDavid\u201c se stal politick\u00fdm symbolem: b\u011bhem italsk\u00e9ho Risorgimenta zt\u011bles\u0148oval boj za nez\u00e1vislost. I dnes se jeho obraz pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v diskus\u00edch o mu\u017enosti, hrdinstv\u00ed a lidsk\u00e9 d\u016fstojnosti.
\nV roce 1846 byla socha poprv\u00e9 restaurov\u00e1na a v roce 1873 byla kv\u016fli obav\u00e1m z po\u0161kozen\u00ed v d\u016fsledku vystaven\u00ed venkovn\u00edmu vzduchu p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bna do interi\u00e9ru. V letech 2003\u20132004 bylo provedeno rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pomoc\u00ed ultrazvuku a mikrovl\u00e1knov\u00fdch had\u0159\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 odstranily stalet\u00ed usazen\u00fd prach, ani\u017e by do\u0161lo k po\u0161kozen\u00ed mramoru.
\nNavzdory sv\u00e9 idealizaci nen\u00ed \u201eDavid\u201c b\u016fh, ale mu\u017e. Jeho nahota zd\u016fraz\u0148uje zranitelnost, ale tak\u00e9 dokonalost lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla jako chr\u00e1mu ducha. To je odrazem humanistick\u00fdch my\u0161lenek renesance, kde je \u010dlov\u011bk st\u0159edem vesm\u00edru.
\nSocha inspirovala \u0159adu um\u011blc\u016f, fotograf\u016f a re\u017eis\u00e9r\u016f. Jej\u00ed p\u00f3za, pohled a proporce se staly kanonick\u00fdmi pro zobrazen\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00edho mu\u017esk\u00e9ho t\u011bla. I v popul\u00e1rn\u00ed kultu\u0159e se \u201eDavid\u201c \u010dasto objevuje jako symbol kr\u00e1sy a s\u00edly.
\nMichelangel\u016fv \u201eDavid\u201c je v\u00edc ne\u017e jen socha; je to renesan\u010dn\u00ed manifest. Mluv\u00ed o v\u00ed\u0159e v lidstvo, jeho schopnosti odol\u00e1vat osudu a harmonii mysli, t\u011bla a ducha. I o p\u011bt stolet\u00ed pozd\u011bji st\u00e1le vzbuzuje \u00factu a obdiv \u2013 p\u0159ipom\u00ednku toho, \u010deho je g\u00e9nius schopen.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Michelangel\u016fv \u201eDavid\u201c, vytvo\u0159en\u00fd mezi lety 1501 a 1504, je jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u00fddobytk\u016f sv\u011btov\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. Tento 5,17 metru vysok\u00fd mlad\u00edk, vytesan\u00fd z jedin\u00e9ho bloku mramoru, se stal symbolem Florencie, renesance…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":97,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-umeni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=96"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":98,"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96\/revisions\/98"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/97"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=96"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=96"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=96"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}