\u201eHv\u011bzdn\u00e1 noc\u201c (1889) je jedn\u00edm z nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obraz\u016f Vincenta van Gogha a symbolem postimpresionismu. Obraz, namalovan\u00fd v psychiatrick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010debn\u011b Saint-R\u00e9my, neodr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ani tak skute\u010dnou krajinu, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e um\u011blc\u016fv vnit\u0159n\u00ed sv\u011bt: \u00fazkost, nad\u011bji, touhu po v\u011b\u010dnosti a boj s \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00edm.
\nObraz zobrazuje no\u010dn\u00ed oblohu nad vesnic\u00ed, ale v\u0161e v n\u011bm je prom\u011bn\u011bno: hv\u011bzdy a m\u011bs\u00edc jsou obklopeny v\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00edmi svatoz\u00e1\u0159emi, cyp\u0159i\u0161 se t\u00e1hne k nebi jako \u010dern\u00fd jazyk plamene a kopce jako by d\u00fdchaly. Nen\u00ed to zobrazen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrody, ale emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed kartografie \u2013 pokus vyj\u00e1d\u0159it nepopsateln\u00e9.
\nVan Gogh maloval \u201eHv\u011bzdnou noc\u201c b\u011bhem dne a d\u00edval se z okna sv\u00e9ho nemocni\u010dn\u00edho pokoje. Proto\u017ee v noci nemohl pracovat, spol\u00e9hal se na pam\u011b\u0165 a p\u0159edstavivost. V dopisech sv\u00e9mu bratrovi Theovi p\u0159izn\u00e1val, \u017ee \u201enoc je barevn\u011b bohat\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e den\u201c, a sna\u017eil se tento pocit vyj\u00e1d\u0159it kontrastem tmav\u011b modr\u00e9 a jasn\u011b \u017elut\u00e9.
\nV\u00edry na obloze jsou \u010dasto interpretov\u00e1ny jako projev um\u011blcova du\u0161evn\u00edho stavu, ale modern\u00ed v\u011bdci nach\u00e1zej\u00ed paralely s fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edmi jevy \u2013 turbulenc\u00ed, popsanou Navier-Stokesov\u00fdmi rovnicemi. Mo\u017en\u00e1 van Gogh intuitivn\u011b pochopil p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed z\u00e1kony, kter\u00e9 byly v\u011bd\u011b jeho doby nep\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9.
\nCyp\u0159i\u0161 je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm symbolem obrazu. Ve st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e je tento strom spojov\u00e1n se smrt\u00ed, ale pro van Gogha se st\u00e1v\u00e1 mostem mezi zem\u00ed a nebem, mezi lidsk\u00fdm a bo\u017esk\u00fdm. Jeho vertikalita kontrastuje s horizontalitou vesnice \u2013 pozemskou stabilitou.<\/p>\n
\nBarevn\u00e1 paleta obrazu je zalo\u017eena na kontrastu chladn\u00fdch (ultramar\u00ednov\u00e1, indigov\u00e1) a tepl\u00fdch (zlat\u00e1, citronov\u00e1). Tato technika umoc\u0148uje dynamiku a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pocit pohybu. Van Gogh pou\u017eil techniku \u200b\u200bhust\u00e9ho \u0161t\u011btcov\u00e9ho tahu zvanou impasto, kter\u00e1 doslova zved\u00e1 barvu z pl\u00e1tna a d\u00e1v\u00e1 obrazu hmatatelnou hloubku.
\nVan Gogh za sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota neprodal jedin\u00fd obraz a \u201eHv\u011bzdn\u00e1 noc\u201c nebyla v\u00fdjimkou. Teprve po jeho smrti v roce 1890 si sv\u011bt za\u010dal uv\u011bdomovat rozsah jeho talentu. Dnes je obraz um\u00edst\u011bn v Muzeu modern\u00edho um\u011bn\u00ed (MoMA) v New Yorku a je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za n\u00e1rodn\u00ed poklad.
\n\u201eHv\u011bzdn\u00e1 noc\u201c inspirovala b\u00e1sn\u00edky (nap\u0159\u00edklad Annu Achmatovovou), skladatele (Don McLean napsal p\u00edse\u0148 \u201eVincent\u201c) a dokonce i astronomy. V roce 2016 NASA zve\u0159ejnila sn\u00edmek galaxie p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed Van Goghovy v\u00edry \u2013 \u201ekosmickou Hv\u011bzdnou noc\u201c.
\nObraz se stal symbolem spojen\u00ed mezi um\u011bn\u00edm a du\u0161evn\u00edm zdrav\u00edm. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 n\u00e1m, \u017ee bolest a genialita mohou j\u00edt ruku v ruce, ale nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je schopnost prom\u011bnit utrpen\u00ed v kr\u00e1su. \u201eHv\u011bzdn\u00e1 noc\u201c nen\u00ed jen krajina, ale modlitba zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00e1 v barv\u011b. Mluv\u00ed o v\u011b\u010dn\u00e9m: o hled\u00e1n\u00ed smyslu, o nad\u011bji v temnot\u011b, o tom, jak se i v \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zrodit nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed harmonie. A v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 jej\u00ed nesmrtelnost.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u201eHv\u011bzdn\u00e1 noc\u201c (1889) je jedn\u00edm z nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obraz\u016f Vincenta van Gogha a symbolem postimpresionismu. Obraz, namalovan\u00fd v psychiatrick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010debn\u011b Saint-R\u00e9my, neodr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ani tak skute\u010dnou krajinu, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e um\u011blc\u016fv vnit\u0159n\u00ed sv\u011bt:…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":101,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-umeni"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=100"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":102,"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/100\/revisions\/102"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/101"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aneurcontr.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}